Depression And Its Effects On Depression - 1490 Words

In popular culture depression has become a thing that is seemingly almost sought after. A lot of youth use depression to have an edge or some kind of thing that makes them different. I feel like this ideology invalidates people with real mental illness and diagnosed depression. I say this but have also fallen victim to this aesthetic or aura that a lot of people portray. Although hard to define, depression can basically be summed up to be the lack of hope or courage pertaining to your life. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle your daily life. A problem associated with treating depression is the variety and levels of it. There is no blanket method to cure all people suffering from depression. Five†¦show more content†¦I will admit that some people do like to relate to this music because the band â€Å"gets them† and they do not feel alone but it still has a sad message or aura it. Expression through music helps a lot of people work through things but can all keep them stuck in the same mindset. It is almost like a cyclic type of thing of having a negative energy surround you. The hard part surrounding this is that one cannot invalidate someone else’s feelings. I do not think it is fair to tell someone that they are alright when I have no real idea of what they are going through. This idea in a w ay conflicts with my idea of the negative energy surrounding the darker music genre. These type of mental illness problems are never black and white because everyone is different going through a myriad of things no one else can relate to completely. An example of this depressing, melodramatic music would be the band Evanescence. The band could be categorized as gothic rock or metal and usually has the same theme of some sort of suffering or sadness that someone is facing. The song titled â€Å"Bring me to Life† is basically about how the singer has nothing in their life worth living for and they are shrouded in the dark. The line â€Å"call my name and save me from the dark† is seeking for something to help get past this darkness that is consuming them. The thing is that there is no resolve by the end of the song. Nothing to bring some light to the problem presented. The lack of resolution goes against theShow MoreRelatedDepression And Its Effects On Depression1531 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as depression. Depression causes a deep sadness to a person and can have major effects on a human being’s life. As humans know life is sacred and no one wants to live life in a depressed state. In some cases depression can be repressed and even cured. Certain treatments like therapy and antidepressants are viable solutions for depression. About nine percent of Americans suffer from some form of depression. The different types of depressions include: dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonalRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthey will likely to suffer from depression. What is the meaning of depression? Depression can actually affect people’s thought and feelings, people who suffer from depression may feel sad, hopeless and lose their direction in doing things. Even though depression is a common illness in the society, people still consider depression as a sensitive topic and does not talk much about it. In fact, people have to be aware of this serious problem and try to overcome depression by standing strong together withRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1411 Words   |  6 Pages Depression is a broad area because it has to do w ith the emotional state of a person. It can either make you stronger or break you down to nothing. Many people don’t notice they’re depressed because they’re either in denial or can function regularly with the condition. What is depression? Depression is a state of mind along with feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and or uncertainty in life. Depression can trigger in so many areas in life such as: losing a child, employment, home or evenRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1687 Words   |  7 Pages Depression is a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by lingering sadness, inactivity, and difficulty in thinking and concentration. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions encountered (â€Å"Depression†). Doctors have all types of antidepressants that have been used worldwide for patients with depression. Introduced in the late 1950’s, antidepressants were used to accomplish their task by inhibiting the bodyâ€⠄¢s reabsorption of these neurotransmitters, thus allowing them to accumulateRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthe thought that depression is something that all of us have experienced at some point in our lives. It focuses on adolescents because during this period we are young and vulnerable and may not know how to cope with situations or circumstances that may lead us into depression. Factors such as going through puberty and issues at home with parents can all cause depression. This paper will talk about what is depression, how families can affect depression in the child, and how depression can lead to longRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1371 Words   |  6 Pages Depression is a widely misunderstood disorder. It is a psychological condition that greatly effects the way one thinks, feels and subsequently behaves. â€Å"Some authorities have estimated that at least 12% of the adult population have had or will have an epis ode of depression of sufficient clinical severity to warrant treatment† (Schuyler and Katz as cited by Beck, 1979, p.1). Depression is not fleeting and effects individuals differently. The treatment of depression has become extensively medicalizedRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1317 Words   |  6 PagesDepression, a word we all have heard, not all of us understand, and a select few are trying to dissect. However, in doing so, theories are created, and sometimes those same theories will have negatives consequences. In an attempt to further understand depression, I chose Depression’s Upside. If one were simply reading the title, one would assume this would be about some sort of break through in the Psychology field of research, or at the very least an optimistic view on depression. However, the entireRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1093 Words   |  5 PagesDepression is in fact a legitimate mental disorder. There is too much research to doubt its existence. However, the title of â€Å"depression† is being handed out like cotton candy at the state fair. Too many people cry wolf for society to completely believe and understand the seriousness of the condition. With the number of people being diagnosed with depression growing, more and more people begin to feel that the condition is merely fabricated and can simply be cured with willpower and a little effortRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression2333 Words   |  10 PagesDepression is an illness that no one enjoys talking about, and that is because of what the disease is itself. Since I have been clinically depressed, I understand first-hand the sinking feeling that comes with it. Imagine a leech on your body permanently sucking enjoyment and happiness instead of blood, or imagine being stranded within a bottomless pit with no sight of the sun. That is how I describe depression. However, there are ways to get through it and kick off that leech or climb out of thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Depression And Its Effects On Depression1642 Words   |  7 Pages Depression, 2 Every single day, across the entire world, people are diagnosed with clinical depression. I think a lot of people tend to see depression as a excuse/reasoning for something they ve done. In reality, there have been many discussions done and research studies completed on depression to see whether or not it is genetically passed down or learned through experiences/influences. I think it is safe to say that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in depression. In

A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five Free Essays

Eddard He found Littlefinger in the brothel’s common room, chatting amiably with a tall, elegant woman who wore a feathered gown over skin as black as ink. By the hearth, Heward and a buxom wench were playing at forfeits. From the look of it, he’d lost his belt, his cloak, his mail shirt, and his right boot so far, while the girl had been forced to unbutton her shift to the waist. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jory Cassel stood beside a rain-streaked window with a wry smile on his face, watching Heward turn over tiles and enjoying the view. Ned paused at the foot of the stair and pulled on his gloves. â€Å"It’s time we took our leave. My business here is done.† Heward lurched to his feet, hurriedly gathering up his things. â€Å"As you will, my lord,† Jory said. â€Å"I’ll help Wyl bring round the horses.† He strode to the door. Littlefinger took his time saying his farewells. He kissed the black woman’s hand, whispered some joke that made her laugh aloud, and sauntered over to Ned. â€Å"Your business,† he said lightly, â€Å"or Robert’s? They say the Hand dreams the king’s dreams, speaks with the king’s voice, and rules with the king’s sword. Does that also mean you fuck with the king’s—† â€Å"Lord Baelish,† Ned interrupted, â€Å"you presume too much. I am not ungrateful for your help. It might have taken us years to find this brothel without you. That does not mean I intend to endure your mockery. And I am no longer the King’s Hand.† â€Å"The direwolf must be a prickly beast,† said Littlefinger with a sharp twist of his mouth. A warm rain was pelting down from a starless black sky as they walked to the stables. Ned drew up the hood of his cloak. Jory brought out his horse. Young Wyl came right behind him, leading Littlefinger’s mare with one hand while the other fumbled with his belt and the lacings of his trousers. A barefoot whore leaned out of the stable door, giggling at him. â€Å"Will we be going back to the castle now, my lord?† Jory asked. Ned nodded and swung into the saddle. Littlefinger mounted up beside him. Jory and the others followed. â€Å"Chataya runs a choice establishment,† Littlefinger said as they rode. â€Å"I’ve half a mind to buy it. Brothels are a much sounder investment than ships, I’ve found. Whores seldom sink, and when they are boarded by pirates, why, the pirates pay good coin like everyone else.† Lord Petyr chuckled at his own wit. Ned let him prattle on. After a time, he quieted and they rode in silence. The streets of King’s Landing were dark and deserted. The rain had driven everyone under their roofs. It beat down on Ned’s head, warm as blood and relentless as old guilts. Fat drops of water ran down his face. â€Å"Robert will never keep to one bed,† Lyanna had told him at Winterfell, on the night long ago when their father had promised her hand to the young Lord of Storm’s End. â€Å"I hear he has gotten a child on some girl in the Vale.† Ned had held the babe in his arms; he could scarcely deny her, nor would he lie to his sister, but he had assured her that what Robert did before their betrothal was of no matter, that he was a good man and true who would love her with all his heart. Lyanna had only smiled. â€Å"Love is sweet, dearest Ned, but it cannot change a man’s nature.† The girl had been so young Ned had not dared to ask her age. No doubt she’d been a virgin; the better brothels could always find a virgin, if the purse was fat enough. She had light red hair and a powdering of freckles across the bridge of her nose, and when she slipped free a breast to give her nipple to the babe, he saw that her bosom was freckled as well. â€Å"I named her Barra,† she said as the child nursed. â€Å"She looks so like him, does she not, milord? She has his nose, and his hair . . . â€Å" â€Å"She does.† Eddard Stark had touched the baby’s fine, dark hair. It flowed through his fingers like black silk. Robert’s firstborn had had the same fine hair, he seemed to recall. â€Å"Tell him that when you see him, milord, as it . . . as it please you. Tell him how beautiful she is.† â€Å"I will,† Ned had promised her. That was his curse. Robert would swear undying love and forget them before evenfall, but Ned Stark kept his vows. He thought of the promises he’d made Lyanna as she lay dying, and the price he’d paid to keep them. â€Å"And tell him I’ve not been with no one else. I swear it, milord, by the old gods and new. Chataya said I could have half a year, for the baby, and for hoping he’d come back. So you’ll tell him I’m waiting, won’t you? I don’t want no jewels or nothing, just him. He was always good to me, truly.† Good to you, Ned thought hollowly. â€Å"I will tell him, child, and I promise you, Barra shall not go wanting.† She had smiled then, a smile so tremulous and sweet that it cut the heart out of him. Riding through the rainy night, Ned saw Jon Snow’s face in front of him, so like a younger version of his own. If the gods frowned so on bastards, he thought dully, why did they fill men with such lusts? â€Å"Lord Baelish, what do you know of Robert’s bastards?† â€Å"Well, he has more than you, for a start.† â€Å"How many?† Littlefinger shrugged. Rivulets of moisture twisted down the back of his cloak. â€Å"Does it matter? If you bed enough women, some will give you presents, and His Grace has never been shy on that count. I know he’s acknowledged that boy at Storm’s End, the one he fathered the night Lord Stannis wed. He could hardly do otherwise. The mother was a Florent, niece to the Lady Selyse, one of her bedmaids. Renly says that Robert carried the girl upstairs during the feast, and broke in the wedding bed while Stannis and his bride were still dancing. Lord Stannis seemed to think that was a blot on the honor of his wife’s House, so when the boy was born, he shipped him off to Renly.† He gave Ned a sideways glance. â€Å"I’ve also heard whispers that Robert got a pair of twins on a serving wench at Casterly Rock, three years ago when he went west for Lord Tywin’s tourney. Cersei had the babes killed, and sold the mother to a passing slaver. Too much a n affront to Lannister pride, that close to home.† Ned Stark grimaced. Ugly tales like that were told of every great lord in the realm. He could believe it of Cersei Lannister readily enough . . . but would the king stand by and let it happen? The Robert he had known would not have, but the Robert he had known had never been so practiced at shutting his eyes to things he did not wish to see. â€Å"Why would Jon Arryn take a sudden interest in the king’s baseborn children?† The short man gave a sodden shrug. â€Å"He was the King’s Hand. Doubtless Robert asked him to see that they were provided for.† Ned was soaked through to the bone, and his soul had grown cold. â€Å"It had to be more than that, or why kill him?† Littlefinger shook the rain from his hair and laughed. â€Å"Now I see. Lord Arryn learned that His Grace had filled the bellies of some whores and fishwives, and for that he had to be silenced. Small wonder. Allow a man like that to live, and next he’s like to blurt out that the sun rises in the east.† There was no answer Ned Stark could give to that but a frown. For the first time in years, he found himself remembering Rhaegar Targaryen. He wondered if Rhaegar had frequented brothels; somehow he thought not. The rain was falling harder now, stinging the eyes and drumming against the ground. Rivers of black water were running down the hill when Jory called out, â€Å"My lord,† his voice hoarse with alarm. And in an instant, the street was full of soldiers. Ned glimpsed ringmail over leather, gauntlets and greaves, steel helms with golden lions on the crests. Their cloaks clung to their backs, sodden with rain. He had no time to count, but there were ten at least, a line of them, on foot, blocking the street, with longswords and iron-tipped spears. â€Å"Behind!† he heard Wyl cry, and when he turned his horse, there were more in back of them, cutting off their retreat. Jory’s sword came singing from its scabbard. â€Å"Make way or die!† â€Å"The wolves are howling,† their leader said. Ned could see rain running down his face. â€Å"Such a small pack, though.† Littlefinger walked his horse forward, step by careful step. â€Å"What is the meaning of this? This is the Hand of the King.† â€Å"He was the Hand of the King.† The mud muffled the hooves of the blood bay stallion. The line parted before him. On a golden breastplate, the lion of Lannister roared its defiance. â€Å"Now, if truth be told, I’m not sure what he is.† â€Å"Lannister, this is madness,† Littlefinger said. â€Å"Let us pass. We are expected back at the castle. What do you think you’re doing?† â€Å"He knows what he’s doing,† Ned said calmly. Jaime Lannister smiled. â€Å"Quite true. I’m looking for my brother. You remember my brother, don’t you, Lord Stark? He was with us at Winterfell. Fair-haired, mismatched eyes, sharp of tongue. A short man.† â€Å"I remember him well,† Ned replied. â€Å"It would seem he has met some trouble on the road. My lord father is quite vexed. You would not perchance have any notion of who might have wished my brother ill, would you?† â€Å"Your brother has been taken at my command, to answer for his crimes,† Ned Stark said. Littlefinger groaned in dismay. â€Å"My lords—† Ser Jaime ripped his longsword from its sheath and urged his stallion forward. â€Å"Show me your steel, Lord Eddard. I’ll butcher you like Aerys if I must, but I’d sooner you died with a blade in your hand.† He gave Littlefinger a cool, contemptuous glance. â€Å"Lord Baelish, I’d leave here in some haste if I did not care to get bloodstains on my costly clothing.† Littlefinger did not need to be urged. â€Å"I will bring the City Watch,† he promised Ned. The Lannister line parted to let him through, and closed behind him. Littlefinger put his heels to his mare and vanished around a corner. Ned’s men had drawn their swords, but they were three against twenty. Eyes watched from nearby windows and doors, but no one was about to intervene. His party was mounted, the Lannisters on foot save for Jaime himself. A charge might win them free, but it seemed to Eddard Stark that they had a surer, safer tactic. â€Å"Kill me,† he warned the Kingslayer, â€Å"and Catelyn will most certainly slay Tyrion.† Jaime Lannister poked at Ned’s chest with the gilded sword that had sipped the blood of the last of the Dragonkings. â€Å"Would she? The noble Catelyn Tully of Riverrun murder a hostage? I think . . . not.† He sighed. â€Å"But I am not willing to chance my brother’s life on a woman’s honor.† Jaime slid the golden sword into its sheath. â€Å"So I suppose I’ll let you run back to Robert to tell him how I frightened you. I wonder if he’ll care.† Jaime pushed his wet hair back with his fingers and wheeled his horse around. When he was beyond the line of swordsmen, he glanced back at his captain. â€Å"Tregar, see that no harm comes to Lord Stark.† â€Å"As you say, m’lord.† â€Å"Still . . . we wouldn’t want him to leave here entirely unchastened, so†Ã¢â‚¬â€through the night and the rain, he glimpsed the white of Jaime’s smile—†kill his men.† â€Å"No!† Ned Stark screamed, clawing for his sword. Jaime was already cantering off down the street as he heard Wyl shout. Men closed from both sides. Ned rode one down, cutting at phantoms in red cloaks who gave way before him. Jory Cassel put his heels into his mount and charged. A steel-shod hoof caught a Lannister guardsman in the face with a sickening crunch. A second man reeled away and for an instant Jory was free. Wyl cursed as they pulled him off his dying horse, swords slashing in the rain. Ned galloped to him, bringing his longsword down on Tregar’s helm. The jolt of impact made him grit his teeth. Tregar stumbled to his knees, his lion crest sheared in half, blood running down his face. Heward was hacking at the hands that had seized his bridle when a spear caught him in the belly. Suddenly Jory was back among them, a red rain flying from his sword. â€Å"No!† Ned shouted. â€Å"Jory, away!† Ned’s horse slipped under him and came crash ing down in the mud. There was a moment of blinding pain and the taste of blood in his mouth. He saw them cut the legs from Jory’s mount and drag him to the earth, swords rising and failing as they closed in around him. When Ned’s horse lurched back to its feet, he tried to rise, only to fall again, choking on his scream. He could see the splintered bone poking through his calf. It was the last thing he saw for a time. The rain came down and down and down. When he opened his eyes again, Lord Eddard Stark was alone with his dead. His horse moved closer, caught the rank scent of blood, and galloped away. Ned began to drag himself through the mud, gritting his teeth at the agony in his leg. It seemed to take years. Faces watched from candlelit windows, and people began to emerge from alleys and doors, but no one moved to help. Littlefinger and the City Watch found him there in the street, cradling Jory Cassel’s body in his arms. Somewhere the gold cloaks found a litter, but the trip back to the castle was a blur of agony, and Ned lost consciousness more than once. He remembered seeing the Red Keep looming ahead of him in the first grey light of dawn. The rain had darkened the pale pink stone of the massive walls to the color of blood. Then Grand Maester Pycelle was looming over him, holding a cup, whispering, â€Å"Drink, my lord. Here. The milk of the poppy, for your pain.† He remembered swallowing, and Pycelle was telling someone to heat the wine to boiling and fetch him clean silk, and that was the last he knew. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-five, Essay examples

Management Theory Of Corporate Social - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory Of Corporate Social. Answer: Introduction: The importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in determining the sustainability of a company cannot be overrated. The idea behind implementing CSR activities, is that a business organization cannot be guided by profit motive only, and rather it should choose to conduct business in a responsible way, so that it does not harm the interest of any of the stakeholders (employees, shareholders or consumers), nor does it harm the interest of the community, it is serving. Thus, it is expected that an organization should carefully evaluate the impact of its business activities on the stakeholders, communities as well as the environment, it is conducting business in. While in some countries, the engagement o a company in CSR activities in an integral legal requirement for conducting business there, in case of CSR, the obligation is expected to extend beyond the statutory obligation to comply with legislation and sees organizations voluntarily taking further steps to improve the quality of life for employees as well as for the local community and society at large (Tai Chuang, 2014). The engagement of an organization in moral, ethical and philanthropic activities has become an important part of the business strategy of many organizations, and this is exactly the reason why most of the companies issue a CSR report, that offers an elaborate idea of the companys social, non-financial activities. This report intends to carefully analyse the importance of CSR practice in an organization, how reputed Australian organizations like Woolworths implement and benefit from CSR activities, and finally to evaluate the various perspectives of the stakeholders regarding the incorporation of CSR activities in business. Discussion: CSR Efforts of Woolworths: Founded in the year of 1924, Woolworths has emerged to become one of the most recognized Australian companies with extended interest in retail trade in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from the implementation of effective business strategies, Woolworths has been able to sustain its brand recognition, because of its increased engagement in CSR efforts. The management authority of the company has always been aware that its organizational success cannot be measured only in terms of profitability and growth, but it is to be gauged in terms of the well-being it brings in the society. The company has incorporated CSR activities as part of an important business action, and has eve announced the recent Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy 2020, that announced the companys decision to implement 20 sustainability goals that it intends to accomplish by the end of 2020 (Devin Richards, 2016). CSR Efforts to Ensure Environmental Sustainability: One of the most important aspects of its CSR strategy is its collaboration with the suppliers, service providers as well as operations, so as to innovate sustainability plans to ensure a healthy planet. Accordingly, the company has already stopped offering its customers free plastic bags, so as to stop contamination of the environment by the non-biodegradable substances. On the contrary, the consumers have been advised to bring in their own carry bags, or they can buy more durable bags at 15 cents per piece from the retail stores of Woolworths only (Santos et al., 2013). Further, the company has also funded its own awareness raising campaigns to make the consumers aware of the importance of quitting plastic bags, and looking for alternatives. The company has also invested to reduce the food wastes going to the landfill, and has even reduced its carbon emission by 10% (Klettner et al.,2014). CSR Efforts to Improve Community Well-being: It is important for organizations to integrate societal impacts of business on the members of certain communities in its business plans, and address vital issues such as poverty and unemployment infesting the community. Since the last sixteen years, Woolworths has been engaged in community services in Australia. The company regularly donates a lump sum amount of money to Foodbank, an organization that utilizes the grant received, for providing hunger relief to the impoverished Australians. In order to contribute to the spread of educational opportunities in the backward communities, the company has also introduced MySchool Fund Raising Programs, and Making the Difference Educational Program for uplifting educational opportunities amongst the young children of the disadvantaged communities of Australia (Balmer et al., 2016). Most importantly, in order to ensure food security, the company has established a system of diverting surplus food from the Woolworths stores from going to waste. The company donates this surplus food to needy communities with the help of structured charity organizations. CSR Efforts to Ensure Employee Well-being: The employees, the human resources of an organization, are the real assets of any organization and hence promoting their well-being is an important aspect of the CSR strategy as well. As the second largest private employer of Australia, the company ensures 100% workplace diversity. Accordingly, it not only hires old and disabled people (18,000 employees above the age of 55 years), and offers them relevant training, but has also appointed as many as 78, 848 young employees below the age of 25 years (Smith, 2014). At the same time, the company has appointed 33% of its female workforce in managerial and executive roles within the organization (Smith, 2014). Lastly, the company not only hires the employees belonging to indigenous communities, but also in the year of 2015 Woolworths has also supported two indigenous suppliers: Young Guns Container Crew, a Labour hire company and Message Stick communications, so as to extend help to them, and make them more self-sufficient (Santos et al., 2014). CSR and Stakeholder Interest Conflicts: Edward Freeman was one of the first persons to create an awareness regarding the idea of stakeholder interest, with the help of his Stakeholder Theory. According to Freeman, the stakeholder of any company possesses financial or non-financial ownership and while the material stakes can claim includes stock dividends or salary, while non-financial stakes may include the right of a consumer or a community member to enjoy access to clean water and air. It is the responsibility of each organization to create wealth in all forms for its stakeholders. Accordingly, the business ethics theory claims that the cumulative result of corporate performance over time, that may include all the assets, revenue and competencies of the firm, should be directed to the interests and issues of a wider set of stakeholders, such as the employees, consumers and community members (Jo et al., 2016). This in turn, does help in maximizing the intangible assets such as employer-employee or company-consumer relatio nships, goodwill and brand reputation, trust as well as opportunities for innovation. Considering the possibility of long-term sustenance, the management authority of Woolworths has been focusing on CSR efforts since a long time. Accordingly, the companys CSR performance (as described in the diagram below) is comparatively better than many organizations though there are still chances for improvement in areas such as community development initiatives: Figure 1: CSR Rating of Woolworths Source: (Methner et al., 2015) However, the very fact that an organization has multiple stakeholders is the reason why at times the stakeholder perspectives about a companys CSR efforts are at variance or even in long-term conflict with the CSR strategies of the organization. Often large and recognized companies such as Woolworths invest lump sum amount of money in CSR activities, simply because its internal stakeholders such as the corporate managers, directors or employees are expected to benefit from the huge CSR expenditure. Huge investment in CSR activities helps in enhancing the reputation of a company and improving its CSR score, which in turn improve the brand recognition of the firm, thereby ultimately benefitting the companys internal stakeholders. However, although a huge CSR expenditure easily benefits the internal stakeholders, the non-affiliated shareholders may not approve of the expenditure, as it may reduce the firms value. Thus, this often creates stakeholder conflict as well. It should be rememb ered that CSR is not just an initiative that an organization undertakes to improve social, community well-being and ecological balance, but it is essentially an integral part of the business strategy. Thus, if the stakeholders hold mutually contradictory attitudes towards a CSR initiative, the company may not be able to benefit from the implementation of CSR activities (Coopers, 2017). The organization will fail to accommodate these kinds of self-defeating contradictions in perspectives. Often organizations need to address issues that are of vital interest to the society, and yet end up being viewed negatively in the public eye, because of the erroneous perception of the organization. For example, 80% of the total spending by organizations on community issues go for charitable organizations spending the money on so called neglected diseases, such as HIV AIDS and Tuberculosis. However, as per the reports by WHO, these account for only a 10% of the diseases, in the entire world, and m uch awareness needs to be spread against the tendency to over-consume green products, that can lead to exacerbation of current environmental problems (Kotler Maon, 2016). However, if an organization invests a huge amount of money in spreading awareness against the over-consumption of green products, the consumers may not value and attach much importance to the CSR effort of the organization, due to sheer ignorance of the public. Conclusion: CSR is highly important in todays world, as it is mutually beneficial. While an organization is not any longer driven only by the profit motive, and actively contributes to promote the well-being of the stakeholders, the stakeholders are aware that the organizations have become morally aware and their duties are beyond the provision of goods and services. CSR score helps in improving the brand recognition of the company, offering it competitive advantage over the rival firms. Hence, in case any form of stakeholder conflict arises, during the implementation phase of the CSR strategy, the company needs to adopt either the CSR Pull strategy or the CSR Push strategy. In case of the CSR Pull strategy, the company has no a priori position of its own, and hence it must adapt its strategy matching the expectations of the stakeholders. On the other hand, in case of the CSR Push strategy, the company does possess a strong a priori position, and it can train, educate and mould the stakeholder b eliefs so as to change the stakeholder perspectives and resolve the stakeholder conflict. Reference: AO Dos Santos, M., Svensson, G., Padin, C. (2014). A fivefold bottom line approach of implementing and reporting corporate efforts in sustainable business practices.Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,25(4), 421-430. Balmer, J. M., Abratt, R., Kleyn, N. (2016). Corporate brands and corporate marketing: Emerging trends in the big five eco-system.Journal of Brand Management,23(1), 3-7. Cooper, S. (2017).Corporate social performance: A stakeholder approach. Taylor Francis. Devin, B., Richards, C. (2016). Food waste, power, and corporate social responsibility in the Australian food supply chain.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-12. Dos Santos, M. A., Svensson, G., Padin, C. (2013). Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,18(1), 104-108. Jo, H., Song, M. H., Tsang, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder governance around the world.Global Finance Journal,29, 42-69. Klettner, A., Clarke, T., Boersma, M. (2014). The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), 145-165. Kotler, P., Maon, F. (2016).A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: Pressures, conflicts, and reconciliation. Routledge. Methner, N., Hamann, R., Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. InThe Business of Social and Environmental Innovation(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Smith, C. (2014). Diversity in the workplace: the good, the bad, the necessary. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117.

Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Review Essay Example

Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Review Paper Essay on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Repent, Harlequin! said Tiktakschik and Man and dog , along with I have a mouth, but I can not cry - considered to be programmatic works of Harlan Ellison, however, to us before -. Still . and let not bite you werewolves are critics who will give you with the full moon of their judgments, but I just tell you about these two works Repent, Harlequin! -. said Tiktakschik - a tragic Hosanna social disobedience, bastard from crossing Toro, Orwell and the American traveling circus. society of the future where everything is clearly on schedule. And for every delay of your life is deducted as much time as you missed the appointed time. To work by 8:00, and you come to the 8:03? Ok, a special agency strikes those 180 seconds of your kardiokarty which is related to your heart now you do not die at the age of 68 years, 33 days, 12 hours and 33 minutes and exactly at 12:30. Well, if it will not be late anymore. And here, in this world where everything in the world will provide a schedule appears arrogant clown, romantic rebel, dressed in a clown outfit. Harlequin. It flies over the city in a glider shaky structures and bombards enterprise pepper marmalade. He promises to surrender at noon, and he comes to pre sowing confusion in the mind formatted. He is ordered to appear at the Ministry for such and such and such. And waiting for him in vain for long hours. And yet, and yet Harlequin will be caught. And harsh Tiktakschik Minister in charge of the time, who coos so that the blood run cold will make its verdict. It was then, Ellison openly and recall Orwell, and complete the story in full accordance with the 1984. We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 3. Contracts soul Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Beautiful grotesque atmosphere of peace, which is possible, it would seem only a circus freaks. Melodiousness of the language (or translation?), And a fascinating story three ingredients for a very good story by Harlan Ellison Man and his dog. joy for every maniac who spent sleepless nights playing Fallout. Though, and not only. World after the bomb in the words of this type of fantastic story itself Ellison. In a nuclear flame third world familiar civilization was destroyed, and now wastelands pytajutsja exist survivors, almost instantly having lost civilization, so different monstrous mutant belching war. World is ruled by gangs, go there and singles all of which less wandering. One of them Albert / Vic is our main character. The company he is faithful dog a product of genetic experiments for military purposes. Dog I do not laugh, the author wrote the story for your dog! .. has a level of intelligence is clearly above its two-legged partner, is able to communicate telepathically, there is still just a set of bonus features. the existence of purpose in this particular couple is not. Eat, but leave their guts on the legal, prescribed by nature, location. Well, even the main character likes to have sex what the dog helps him, looking around the neighborhood womens bodies. The protagonist without hesitation knits horrible beauty of violence and was gone. In principle, the perfect man. Until then, until dudyat angels in gold tube not to meet a girl so beautiful that he was not expecting, and not knowing that feeling falls. And twirled, spun save her from the bandits and girl from an underground city such as asylum, where all civilized people live and canned, and do not know the troubles and glanvy hero in the city in a special attack that local women give birth to bad and in general it here lured and want to make the bull producer and the protagonist fuck Biff bang and ran away from there with a favorite girl a girl with pleasure all these well-fed canned citizens crumbled, almost like Natural Born killers and yes the main character had in the town of PSI one whose maxim that is true freedom and well, a lot of other nonsense. Overall, the story is fairly treshovay a, and yet wonderful. And read it is worth, perhaps, only for the sake of ending, after which it remains enthusiastic and masochistic feeling that Ellison again, with undisguised pleasure poked in someones bruised wound Read stories by Harlan Ellison:. Repent, Harlequin! said Tiktakschik Man and his dog

Free Essays on Blindness In “Araby“

Numerous references to blindness appear throughout James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby.† Joyce makes no effort to hide these frequent and overt implications. By strategically placing a just few colorful adjectives and phrases, he successfully points the reader toward the underlying meaning of the story. The uses of â€Å"blind† and the implications of â€Å"blindness† take many forms and meanings. Joyce utilizes many of the denotations and connotations of the word to accomplish his theme of â€Å"blindness.† Joyce immediately suggests the central theme of â€Å"Araby† by using the word â€Å"blind† twice in the first paragraph. Describing North Richmond Street as blind, he uses the adjective to illustrate the road as closed at one end. Figuratively, it suggests that the people of the neighborhood lack the ability and foresight to progress. Stark and decrepit, the community has reached a proverbial dead end and seems destined to remain in its desolate state. Residents do not search for a better lifestyle or attempt to escape their miserable reality, because they contently endure it. During the sixth paragraph of the piece, Joyce writes, â€Å"I was thankful that I could see so little. All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves.† Blindness, in this instance, expresses how the narrator does not want to perceive or understand his surroundings. Desiring to eclipse the depressing aspects of his life, he focuses on one comforting hope, Mangan’s sister. This fixation is conveyed in the sixteenth paragraph, â€Å"I may have stood there for an hour, seeing nothing but the brown-clad figure cast by my imagination.† He deliberately blocks out the overwhelmingly grim parts of his life, because he cannot fear what he remains unaware of. By concentrating on Mangan’s sister, the narrator can dream and have faith in something that prevents him from falling into the depressing realization of reality. Many references to darkness represent t... Free Essays on Blindness In â€Å"Arabyâ€Å" Free Essays on Blindness In â€Å"Arabyâ€Å" Numerous references to blindness appear throughout James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby.† Joyce makes no effort to hide these frequent and overt implications. By strategically placing a just few colorful adjectives and phrases, he successfully points the reader toward the underlying meaning of the story. The uses of â€Å"blind† and the implications of â€Å"blindness† take many forms and meanings. Joyce utilizes many of the denotations and connotations of the word to accomplish his theme of â€Å"blindness.† Joyce immediately suggests the central theme of â€Å"Araby† by using the word â€Å"blind† twice in the first paragraph. Describing North Richmond Street as blind, he uses the adjective to illustrate the road as closed at one end. Figuratively, it suggests that the people of the neighborhood lack the ability and foresight to progress. Stark and decrepit, the community has reached a proverbial dead end and seems destined to remain in its desolate state. Residents do not search for a better lifestyle or attempt to escape their miserable reality, because they contently endure it. During the sixth paragraph of the piece, Joyce writes, â€Å"I was thankful that I could see so little. All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves.† Blindness, in this instance, expresses how the narrator does not want to perceive or understand his surroundings. Desiring to eclipse the depressing aspects of his life, he focuses on one comforting hope, Mangan’s sister. This fixation is conveyed in the sixteenth paragraph, â€Å"I may have stood there for an hour, seeing nothing but the brown-clad figure cast by my imagination.† He deliberately blocks out the overwhelmingly grim parts of his life, because he cannot fear what he remains unaware of. By concentrating on Mangan’s sister, the narrator can dream and have faith in something that prevents him from falling into the depressing realization of reality. Many references to darkness represent t...

Case study #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

#2 - Case Study Example With the intention to solve these issues, the CEO started his activities firstly from visiting the workplace of one of its rigs, named ‘Voyager 7’. The rig was quite small comprising 150 employees with a blend of skilled, unskilled and immigrant labours. Soon he began to depict that there was clear discrimination practiced in the workplace with regard to the living conditions and the working conditions of the lower level employees and the upper level employees. The upper level employees, who were also the immigrants, were provided with far better treatment in comparison to that of the local African employees. The local authorities of the government, despite being aware of the situation were never involved in taking any potential action to resolve the racial discrimination practiced within the organisation. After analysing the situation from the view point of the CEO, inferences have been drawn through the SWOTT analysis. Weaknesses: The situation has major drawbacks with the workplace environment being full of discrimination. Employees are treated differently on the basis of their nationality, race and designations, raising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) related concerns, which might diminish stakeholders’ confidence on the company. Threats: The discrimination prevailing in the workplace is a threat to the integrity of the workplace. Owing to the absence of communication between the lower level employees and upper level employees, the expectation of effective performance of this rig is highly unrealistic. Trends: If the situation continues in this trend, chances of conflicts between the upper level and lower level employees are highly uncertain. Moreover, legal authorities might also halt the operations of the entire business owing to the illegal practices of discrimination in the workplace. The alternatives will need to be evaluated considering the objectives of the company regarding CSR, ensuring equality

Some Marketers Believe That The Customer Is Always Right Essay

Some Marketers Believe That The Customer Is Always Right - Essay Example It is evident that all of these approaches cannot be regarded as the most effective strategy. Of course, all of them are to be observed and used while planning company's future. It seems that the third one provides the most favourable basis for creating effective strategy, but it also should be examined and completed. Management is an integral part of the modern society's activity. It is connected to all fields of activity and that is why it is necessary to know as much as possible about its laws and specificity. The directive philosophy in any strategic management development, no matter in the public or in private sector, are about appreciating what changes are required, how to realize and run these changes, and how to produce a schedule for supporting betterments that lead to better presentation. The problems of relationship between economy and ethics are examined and discussed by many scholars at present. More and more experts say about conflicts between these two spheres. But recently some of the most talented economists started to address most relevant problems in society at present. (Hunger) One of the founders of modern economics, Alfred Marshall wrote in his book that poverty and its elimination "give to economic studies... their chief and their highest interest". (qtd in Kabodian)But a complex structure of global economical processes today demonstrates that up-to-day ethical reflection is problematic today. And the statement of various economists to be occupied with making social "value-free" science, became a reason for ethicists and average customers to start a dialogue. (Kabodian) Amartya Sen, a scholar who was awarded Nobel Prize in Economics for establishing links between economy and ethics, states that economic strategies and methodologies are to be estimated in terms of their influence on the ability of individuals to function successfully in the society they belong to. This author points out that individuals should be treated as the agents of morality, possessing such features as responsibility, ability and freedom. The purpose, as defined by this author, is to view economic sphere and all other aspects of life through the scope of moral perspective. He adds the following remark on this topic: "What matters, finally, is how we see each other." (qtd in Hicks) It is not a secret that people are regarded and treated as customers within contemporary society. This concerns not only the sphere of consumption, but many other spheres of life, even those that are far from economy and finance. As Maier states, "In the business sector itself, "customer service," "customer satisfaction," and "customer loyalty" have become watchwords for marketing and strategic growth practices. From their market-based home, these concepts have seeped into other sectors". That is why understanding and evaluating the concept "customer is always right"

Professionalism in Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professionalism in Aviation - Essay Example n the highest levels of professionalism and account for personal decisions and actions, all the while remaining aware of the way every individual contributes towards the organization’s and industry’s overall safety. Essentially, professionalism is the maintenance of the right conduct, attitude and qualities and this paper will discuss professionalism in relation to aviation. Compared to other industries, aviation has unique complexities mainly because of the long history of federal regulations that bound it and, equally importantly, the emphasis it places on safety (Gill & Shergill, 2004). Professionalism in aviation is the knowledge possessed by stakeholders about their industry and it dictates that dedicated and international-class aircraft and passenger handling services are provided by personnel who have the necessary skills and experience. Among others, that translates to efficiency in customer service, always adhering to safety and security trends, generation of business and growth opportunities, continuously upgrading human resources and knowledge, providing specialized tools and equipment and committing to corporate social responsibility. When passengers get aboard aircraft, they will first encounter the airline attendants and possibly the pilots. But most of the time, their professionalism may not be as obvious to the passengers as is their pre sence, although without it the industry would be lost in politics, ethical issues, blame games and mind games (Gill & Shergill, 2004). Therefore, being a flight attendant, pilot or any other personnel in the aviation industry calls for the joint responsibility for the comfort and safety of customers. That means that even the most basic tasks such as greeting passengers are conducted professionally. Therefore, everyone who handles aircraft as well as passengers must be mentally fit for their duties. Mental fitness for duty may be a personal and ethical initiative, but the management in the aviation industry must

Cross Cultural Studies Essay Example for Free

Cross Cultural Studies Essay Beauty, is anything that appeals, and is incorporated in current fads and trends of the area. Its features drastically vary across the globe where antagonizing manners are adopted. Obesity is such an example, where in the west, obesity is shunned, and admonished, and on the contrary, in the African countries, obesity lures and is considered to be a blessing, exhibiting richness. Beauty may be skin deep, but there are cases when such becomes a paradox. Obesity is not just about the weight, or the physical and genetic rationalities we can derive from it. Obesity can also be derived from its psychological roots. What is obesity and how it affects the reputation, personality, or even the attitude towards it varies across cultures as mentioned earlier. In this paper, obesity is seen as good and wanted physiological trait, compared with as a social cancer plaguing the health in most Western countries. RESEARCH FINDINGS Norimitsu Onish (2001), in his article entitled, ‘On the scale of Beauty, weight weights heavily’, has explained in a formidable manner the craze obesity has amongst teenage girls in Nigeria. He has depicted the ways ladies will employ to go beyond their means so as to become fat, and conducts market surveys determining which types of steroids, pills or chemicals they would use. The paper explains how obese women are idealized and looked up onto. Onish indicates that women would tend to consume harmful chemical to gain fatty tissues, and have become so obsessed with becoming fat, that they would go to ‘fattening farms’ and get massaged weeks before their weddings. Likewise, some of the poorer women would consume animal feed in order to get fat and become attractive, as they cannot afford the rich foods. Historically, fleshy African women were considered well endowed financially, because they can afford food, are healthy and fertile. Women in African culture are revered to as the food provider, the one who plants and supplies food in the community. A fleshy African woman connotes someone from an affluent family or perhaps a potential good provider for her family. The heavy African woman was valued and held in high esteem. However, it is important to note that African women labored diligently, working sun up to sun down, and their laborious tasks were not conducive to being big. The arduous work kept African women basically on the thin side (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). STRATIFICATION: Stratification is an integral part of a community and society that occurs due to a division in the classes which is determined by the economic situation of the household or community. This horizontal stratum is also prevalent among some countries which have a male dominant society, on the pretext of religion. This has been depicted in Onish’s article, where obese women are a status symbol, exhibiting their resources, and that they belong to well to do families, compromising their health in this way. A very good example is quoted explaining how a girl since the age of 11 years, was forced to become obese on the pretext of getting a ‘good match’, and now she suffers from hip dislocation, and bone disorders, as it has become difficult to carry herself around. Culturally, being large was not customary. In the African view, women who are fleshy, had hips, and a voluptuous body are the women to marry. Body size was also perceived to make them excellent mothers. African women who are large have more adipose tissue, and were perceived to carry a fetus to full term and suspend for some time the effects of starvation should there be scarcity of food (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). In a class lecture by Mead back in 1974, culture was defined as the transmission of values and behaviors and concepts. It is the way one eats, the way one walks, and the way one raises a child. In Africa, the cultural level was subtle for little girls to learn that African men and families values large women and was highly acceptable. But being voluptuous was deemed in a different way when slaves were transported to the new world. African women then were viewed and even designated to be breeders and has a duty to give birth as many times as her owner wants to. Alex Haley documented this in his book by relating how large African women beats slave children and hands them to a slave owner as a sexual prize (Johnson and Broadnax, 2003). In another article, ‘Culture: A sociological view’, Becker (Becker, 1982) explains the significance of culture in a society and how it is regularly modified in order to meet the modern fashion and fad. Culture is being regularly changed, and newer versions of principles and practices are adopted. Likewise, stratification in terms of race and gender is also now being diluted, as a sense of equality is prevalent within most of the societies across the globe. A society is organized by its cultural values, which is the essence to its development, and thus although newer concepts are adopted, older principles should not be ignored and should be passed onto generations in order to preserve a society’s cultural heritage. The gradual changes in society together with the culture in which one grows takes generations. There are a few and core cultural traits which are passed on from one generation to another, preserved in families, despite the many changes that are constantly happening. In the sociological context, this also reflects how society influences the individual’s views and perceptions with the many changes happening around him/her. At some point, the person knows what his culture is inherently, but also adjusts to fit in and cope up with the many cultural changes in our societies. CROSS CULTURAL STUDIES: Cross cultural studies was a very interesting subject that depicts the various anthropologies around the globe. The primary essence in this study is an element of tolerance which various ethnic groups have to incur so as to accommodate and intermingle with various cultural set ups. A united stand in which people from entirely different cultures will team up and constructive serve towards the progress and development of a society is prevalent in most countries. A good example is depicted by the people of Malaysia, in which various ethnic groups coexist and play their respective roles in order to make Malaysia one of the most rapidly developed nation in the past decade, and it is now a role model for others to follow. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Buddhism coexist and temples are built right next to mosques and churches, where people go shoulder to shoulder to preach in tolerance and harmony. The same can be derived when slaves where transported to the New World. As African women became sexual prizes to their owners, some Westerner has fathered a child, and bore an African-American child. In the existing culture, being thin is in. Bulimia and anorexia has become an epidemic amongst teens and younger women because of the images of thin women being cultivated in the new society. The cross cultural examination between how women in Africa in comparison with African-American women view obesity is different and is a reflection of how views and perception change over time and across cultures. CONCLUSION: Culture differ across the globe, meeting the geographical requirements of a region, these can vary and be contrary, like the case of obesity, which is endeavored by some, and admonished by other societies, like the westerners. Likewise, cultural set ups are modified and changed in order to meet modern day requirements, and simultaneously maintaining and preserving the ancient cultural values that have been passed on. Similarly, cross cultural set ups also do exist, and various ethnic groups coexist and serve proactively for the development and progress of nations, thus exhibiting discipline, unity and tolerance. REFERENCES: Becker H. (1982) Culture: A Sociological View, Yale Review, September 2, , 71:513-527 Johnson, R. W. and Broadnax, P. A (2003). A perspective on obesity analysis of trend of obesity in African-American women. ABNF Journal. Onish N. (2001) Maradi Journal: On the Scale of Beauty, Weight Weighs Heavily New York Times dated Feb 12

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essays -- Joyce Carol Oates s

"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been" by Joyce Carol Oates â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†, is one of the many short stories written by Mrs. Joyce Carol Oates that has become highly recognized. It was inspired by a magazine story about a serial killer. It quickly it became very popular andwas even the basis for the 1985 hit movie, â€Å"SmoothTalk†. Like many other short stories and novels written by Joyce Carol Oates, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† is a story that is consumed by evil, the theme. In the story evil is projected through the eyes of the characters.(Weinberger 207) Joyce Carol Oates has been labeled by many as a, â€Å"writer of psychological realism†(Wegs 69), which is seen in this story. Tied in with the theme are three particular literary elements that interlink all of the scattered details, leaving the readers in awe at the end of the narrative. The three literary elements contributing to the short story are irony, imagery and symbolism. Irony is an importa nt element in â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where HaveYou Been.† The title itself is ironic since it is two questions that Connie is never asked. No one has ever asked, where she was going, nor has anyone ever inquired where she has been.(sullivan 535) What is also ironic is that although she is the victim in this tale, she actually welcomes and invites this demonic provocation.(Hurly 64) Her fears that have always overtaken he subconscious self drive her into distorted separation of mind and body in which sher ealizes that her unconscious self has betrayed her.(Wegs 70) Something else somewhat ironic is when Arnold Friend says,† I’ll hold you so tight you won’t think you have to try to getaway or pretend anything because you’ll know youca... ...ublications of the Mississippi Philological Association 1985, p98-105 Mark Robson Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Explicator Summer 1982, v40 n4 p59-60 Christina Marsden Gillis "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?": Seduction, Space, and a Fictional Mode Studies in Short Fiction Winter 1981, v18 n1 p65-70 Kevin J. Harty Archetype and Popular Lyric in Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Pennsylvania English 1980-81, v8 n1 p26-28 Joyce M. Wegs "Don't You Know Who I Am?": The Grotesque in Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Journal of Narrative Technique January1975, v5 n1, p66-72 Walter Sullivan Where Have All the Flowers Gone?: The Short Story in Search of Itself Sewanee Review Summer 1970, v78 n3 p535-537 online sources Encarta.com Cornell university online Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essays -- Joyce Carol Oates s "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been" by Joyce Carol Oates â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†, is one of the many short stories written by Mrs. Joyce Carol Oates that has become highly recognized. It was inspired by a magazine story about a serial killer. It quickly it became very popular andwas even the basis for the 1985 hit movie, â€Å"SmoothTalk†. Like many other short stories and novels written by Joyce Carol Oates, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† is a story that is consumed by evil, the theme. In the story evil is projected through the eyes of the characters.(Weinberger 207) Joyce Carol Oates has been labeled by many as a, â€Å"writer of psychological realism†(Wegs 69), which is seen in this story. Tied in with the theme are three particular literary elements that interlink all of the scattered details, leaving the readers in awe at the end of the narrative. The three literary elements contributing to the short story are irony, imagery and symbolism. Irony is an importa nt element in â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where HaveYou Been.† The title itself is ironic since it is two questions that Connie is never asked. No one has ever asked, where she was going, nor has anyone ever inquired where she has been.(sullivan 535) What is also ironic is that although she is the victim in this tale, she actually welcomes and invites this demonic provocation.(Hurly 64) Her fears that have always overtaken he subconscious self drive her into distorted separation of mind and body in which sher ealizes that her unconscious self has betrayed her.(Wegs 70) Something else somewhat ironic is when Arnold Friend says,† I’ll hold you so tight you won’t think you have to try to getaway or pretend anything because you’ll know youca... ...ublications of the Mississippi Philological Association 1985, p98-105 Mark Robson Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Explicator Summer 1982, v40 n4 p59-60 Christina Marsden Gillis "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?": Seduction, Space, and a Fictional Mode Studies in Short Fiction Winter 1981, v18 n1 p65-70 Kevin J. Harty Archetype and Popular Lyric in Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Pennsylvania English 1980-81, v8 n1 p26-28 Joyce M. Wegs "Don't You Know Who I Am?": The Grotesque in Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Journal of Narrative Technique January1975, v5 n1, p66-72 Walter Sullivan Where Have All the Flowers Gone?: The Short Story in Search of Itself Sewanee Review Summer 1970, v78 n3 p535-537 online sources Encarta.com Cornell university online

Accounting Essay 7

At the end of 2011, retained earnings for the Bisk Company was $1,750. Revenue earned by the company in 2011 was $2,000, expenses paid during the period were $1,100, and dividends paid during the period were $500. Based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of 2011 was [pic] |[pic] |$850. | |[pic][pic] |$1,350. | |[pic] |$4,000. | |[pic] |$2,150. | GAAP† stands for [pic] [pic] |Generally Authorized Auditing Principles | |[pic] |Government Authorized Accounting Procedures | |[pic] |Generally Applied Accounting Procedures | |[pic][pic] |Generally Accepted Accounting Principles | The total equity of Timberlake Company at the beginning of 2011 amounted to $3,500. During 2011 the company reported net income of $1,800 and paid a $500 dividend. If retained earnings at the end of 2011 is $2,200, what was beginning contributed capital? [pic] |[pic] |$2,100 | |[pic] |$3,100 | |[pic] |$400 | |[pic][pic] |$2,600 | Which of the following could represent the effects of an asset source transaction on a company's financial statements? |[pic] | [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | The Mason Company is a manufacturer of fine home furnishings. Which term best describes Mason's role in society? [pic] |[pic] |Regulatory Agency | |[pic][pic] |Conversion Agent | |[pic] |Consumer | |[pic] |Resource Owner | Which of the following could describe the effects of an asset exchange transaction on a company's financial statements? [pic] | [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | Which of the following groups has the primary responsibility for establishing generally accepted accounting principles for business entities in the United States? pic] |[pic] |U. S. Congress. | |[pic] |Internal Revenue Service. | |[pic][pic] |Financial Accounting Standards Board. | |[pic] |International Accounting Standards Board. | During 2011, Childress Company earned $800 of cash revenue, paid $400 of cash expenses, and paid a $200 cash dividend to its owners. Based on this information alone, [pic] |[pic] |net income amounted to $400. | |[pic] |total assets increased by $200. | |[pic][pic] |cash inflow from operating activi ties was $400. | |>[pic] |all of these are correct. Dividends paid by a company are shown on the [pic] |[pic] |income statement. | |[pic][pic] |statement of changes in stockholders' equity. | |[pic] |statement of cash flows. | |>[pic] |both b and c. | Asset use transactions always involve the payment of cash. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |>[pic] |False | The Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes several significant reforms that affect the auditing profession, but it did not reduce an audit firm's ability to provide non-audit services to its audit clients. [pic] |[pic] |True | [pic][pic] |False | Which of the following is not a common feature of ethical misconduct? [pic] |[pic] |The capacity to rationalize. | |[pic] |The presence of an opportunity. | |[pic] |The existence of pressure leading to an incentive. | |[pic][pic] |The existence of a strong system of internal controls. | After closing, only balance sheet accounts have non-zero balances. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | After clos ing, only balance sheet accounts have non-zero balances. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | [pic] |False | Policies and procedures designed to reduce the opportunities for fraud are often called: [pic] |[pic][pic] |internal controls | |[pic] |accounting principles | |[pic] |asset source transactions | |[pic] |financial systems | Aaronson Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below:   [pic] Which of the following accounting events could have caused these effects on ABC's statements? [pic] |[pic] |Recognized accrued salaries owed to employees. | |[pic][pic] |Earned revenue on account. | |[pic] |Issued common stock. | |[pic] |Purchased equipment on account. | The ethical standards for certified public accountants simply require that such accountants comply with applicable laws and regulations. [pic] [pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | Which of the following is not a component of the fraud triangle? [pic] |[pic] |Rationalization | |[pic] |Pressure | |[pic] |Opportunity | |[pic][pic] |Trust | The purpose of the accrual basis of accounting is to: [pic] |[pic] |Improve the company's earnings per share. | |[pic][pic] |Report revenue when received. | |>[pic] |Improve the matching of revenue and expense in the proper period. | |[pic] |Report expenses when cash disbursements are made. | A liability account normally has a debit balance. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | The financial statement ratio that may be of greatest interest to a company's stockholders is the amount of its return on equity. pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | A high value of the debt to asset ratio may indicate that a company has a high level of debt risk. [pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Which of the following errors would cause the debit side of a trial balance to be larger than the credit side? [pic] |[pic] |Revenue earned on account was recorded with a debit to Cash and a credit to Revenue. | |[pic] |Purchase of supplies on account was recorded with a credit to Supplies and a deb it to Accounts Payable. |[pic][pic] |Land purchased with cash was recorded with a debit to the Land account and a credit to Accounts Payable. | |>[pic] |None of these. | The Armstrong Corporation recorded a business event using T-accounts as follows:   [pic] Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company's financial statements? |[pic] | [pic] [pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | When a company receives cash in advance from a customer, it should debit Cash and credit Accounts Receivable. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | The left side of a T-account is known as the: [pic] [pic] |Claims side | |[pic][pic] |Debit side | |[pic] |Credit side | |[pic] |Equity side | Debits decrease asset accounts. [pic] |[pic] |True | |[pic][pic] |False | Double entry accounting requires that every entry must include at least one debit and at least one credit. pic] |[pic][pic] |True | |[pic] |False | KMR Company provided repair service of $2,800 to a customer who paid $1,300 and promised to pay the remainder next month. Which of the following journal entries correctly records this transaction? [pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic][pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |

Fish Cheeks by Amy Tan Rhetorical Strategies Essay

Gifted author of Fish Cheeks, Amy Tan, assures young girls that being different is not only acceptable, but also advantageous. Rhetorical strategies-such as imagery, tone, diction, and appeals (logos, ethos, pathos)-were the brushes with which she painted a portrait of self-acceptance for teenage girls everywhere. Tan uses a sympathetic tone to relate to the awkward teenage reader that is experiencing the same thing and the nostalgic adult reader that has experienced. Tan’s word choice [diction] exposes her insecurity in her heritage and desire to be an average American teenager, in her opening. The author described traditional American food in an appealing way, â€Å"†¦roasted turkey and sweet potatoes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but omitted any detail about â€Å"†¦Chinese food.† She labeled American manners as â€Å"proper†, but dubbed her relatives and their Chinese customs as â€Å"noisy†. The significance of this strategy lies in its ability to make the text relatable. The entire narrative relies on the author’s shared experience with the audience, being ashamed of their incongruity and their pursuit of normality. In the third paragraph, Tan enlists the aid of imagery to provide the reader with a more accurate depiction of the scenery on that night. Vividly detailing the assortment of food; Tan was not describing how she saw the food but how she feared Robert would. As revealed later in the text, Tan is quite fond of her culture’s taboo cuisine. So, the description of the food using negatively connoted words like slimy, bulging, fleshy, rubbery, and fungus were used to transmit her concern about how she and her family would be perceived. This use of imagery and diction exemplifies Tan’s transmission of emotion-first worry and anxiety, then relief and acceptance- to her audience throughout the text. The appeals to ethos and pathos were vital for Tan to be able to relate to the audience. She had to first establish her credibility as someone who had experienced being a part of two different cultures and the desire to fit in. She did this by telling the narrative in first person. Also she showed great contrast between the two cultures she belonged to by illustrating her family’s traditional Chinese Christmas contrary to American traditions. Then, she appealed to pathos by frequently attaching an emotion to every part of the story. For example, in the opening she conveyed a sense of worry with her use of repetitive questions. Likewise, Tan suggested a feeling of relief in the end with her shift in diction, from negative words like â€Å"despair† to more positive words like â€Å"stunned†.

Simulacra essays

Simulacra essays The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth it is the truth that conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true. Ecclesiastes. How does the above statement apply to representation of the real in art? In direct translation, simulacrum of any form threatens the difference between true and false. Simulation is to feign to have what one do not have, thus implies to an absence. Religion is seen as a simulacrum. The idea of it is not tangible nor comprehends physical truth. It is something that is made real by its believers, not something that is believed in because it is physically real although it can be real. The simulacrum is seen as the represented truth. According to Jean Baudrillard, simulation is the substitution of signs of the real for the real. Simulacra convey signs that no longer represent or refer to an external factor. They stand for nothing but themselves, and refer only to other signs. Baudrillard points out very clearly how our modern culture is being affected by images and other similar encouragement from media sources and simulations rather than what is considered real and how it becomes what is real to us by perception. Baudrillard clearly defines how various things like Disney, multi-media advertising and many other sources have replaced the provocation of the real for us and how our media culture has become our reality. The above statement which state, The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth, which means its not an agent to hide the reality and its not feigning any truth. It however does confuse the relation between the real and imaginary. The simulacrum becomes our reality as how it is being presented to us. We got absorbed by the simulacrum that we tend to believe it is the reality and weve accepted it. It is the truth that conceals there is none, since we took the simulacrum as the truth...

Problems with real estate career during the recession Research Paper

Problems with real estate career during the recession - Research Paper Example ..11 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Executive Summery Real estate market is among the most dynamic market in history. Despite the fact that the market is not that large, many processes need to run successfully. Many economic issues as well as legal matters that make operation in it not that easy bind this market. Investing in real estate is only profitable when the economic gaps are high, but quite challenging in low economic seasons. Working n real estate does not offers difficulties to the investors only, but also to their selling agents. Brokers normally earn handsomely in peak seasons despite some few challenges they encounter during their marketing. However, in recession times a lot of risk with little satisfaction is what they encounter in the job. There are several challenges that they meet in their operation, including the fac t that this sector is much dominated among few buyers at the recession times. This creates a very stiff competitive environment that discourages their prosperity. Marketing real estate products pose difficulty due to the high expectation from the sellers from the brokers. Despite the economic falls, sellers still expect to fetch great prices for their products that become unachievable by the agents. Emerging trends in the real estate such as such as Mortgage Assistance Relief, MID and QRM creates changes in the brokers work environment. This forces the brokers to adjust to the running occupational changes that normally are not easy. During economic scarcity loaning system are much reduced that only a few clients are available in the market. The agents hence find no market for their services in the market. In such cases generally earns very little to support them. Because of these challenges, working in this career is normally very hard, and mitigation measures are necessary to prote ct this employment sector. Several recommendations encompassing legal aspect, market protection, financial security, diversification, technological adaptation and teamwork have been proposed for implementation to see these groups succeed and enjoy their career. This proposal was made after a rigorous research and study in the field. Introduction For many years, the lives of real estate agents have been unbearable, especially during recessions. Due to this, the brokers sent their pleas to the ministry of labour in the late 2007, following the start of 2007 and 2009 recession. This was taken as an appropriate moments since studies could reveal situations of the real estate brokers from the start to the end of economic hard times. The Ministry in turn sent a group of experts to study the problem and recommend as appropriate. This report was presented to me, a broker and the secretary of the real estate brokers in the Washington. Besides, the report was tabled before the representatives of real estate agents, real estate investors and representatives from government policy makers and planners. This was carried out in a two days seminar in Washington. The report was aimed at

The Effect of Alcohol Concentration on the Leakage of Pigment from Essay

The Effect of Alcohol Concentration on the Leakage of Pigment from Beetroot Cells - Essay Example The cell membrane is made up of phospholipids molecules and proteins. The phospholipids are present as a bilayer and that acts as the semi permeable membrane. The phospholipid bi-layer is formed because of the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic ends of the phospholipid molecule. The water loving hydrophilic head is present in the inner region of the membrane and the hydrophobic water hating tail region is present on the outer membrane region. This arrangement prevents the polar solutes from moving in and out of the membrane. This arrangement generally allows the passive diffusion of the hydrophobic molecules. The entire membrane is held intact because of the non-covalent interaction of the hydrophobic tails with a little fluidity.The betalains pigment of beet root is sequestered in the vacuole of the beet root cells. When the membrane condition is altered because of temperature variation, pH variations, the membrane becomes weak and loses its pigment content. The phospholipid bi-layer is soluble in an organic solvent. Ethanol is the most common organic s olvent. When ethanol is used for the extraction of the pigment from the beetroot, it dissolves the phosphor lipid bi layer and thus makes the membrane permeable. The betalains thus diffuses out of the membrane due to the concentration gradient. As this is a water soluble pigment, it results in the color of the solution. The intensity of the red-purple color in the solution will indicate the diffusivity level of the pigment. Hence the effect of concentration of ethanol may increase the color of the solution. This is a predictive hypothesis. The predictive hypothesis will give a tentative answer to the question that is under the investigation. (faculty.uca.edu). So the experiment was designed such that the independent variable ethanol is applied to the experimental group and it is controlled in the control group. According to our hypothesis, the control group had 0% ethanol and the experimental group had

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Globalization - Essay Example Alternatively taken as synonymous with globalization are the concepts of free market, economic liberalization, westernization or Americanization, technological (Internet) revolution, global integration, and internationalization (Scheuerman, 2006). â€Å"†¦the fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of space or territory undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial forms of human activity.† (Scheuerman, 2006) Broken down to its essential concept, globalization is the change in our culture because of the growing insignificance of time and space in our lifestyle and in the manner we deal with one another. People get in contact and interact in progressively shorter periods of time, and often almost instantaneously, such that the illusion of no-distance is perceived to exist among us. This is not confined to the use of electronic means of communicating long distances, but encompasses rather the vast area of elements and attributes that define human existence. This definition given to globalization also precludes the idea that any one country or culture dominates the acculturation process. Globalization had been associated with Westernization (or Americanization), giving way to â€Å"a psycho-cultural underdevelopment†¦ expressed in a desire to imitate blindly the Western way of life, thought, and development pattern† (Dhaouadi, 2002). In the first half of the twentieth century, it is undeniable that the US and Western Europe were the predominant net providers of capital in the world, and Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and much of the rest of the world were net users. Classical economists argue that economic growth depends upon capital accumulation, and in the case of a lack of it, then capital infusion to generate production (Muhammad, Majeed,

Marketing of Company Revive Gum that Removes Stress Essay

Marketing of Company Revive Gum that Removes Stress - Essay Example Products such as energy drinks and vitamins have become a popular commodity amongst consumers. Moreover, the features of our product extended far beyond just the traditional needs of the customer. The innovation of making a product that not only is packed with energy boosting supplements such as L-Carnitine, treated for failing memory, Echinacea, proven to improve immune system response, ginseng, but would also whiten teeth. The gum industry according to studies is also a huge market accumulating for 60% of the market share and is estimated to be worth $19 billion in sales. Also, gum is such a cheap commodity that is purchased by every demographic group from children to senior citizens. Hence, the group decided that this would be a great market to enter in. Revive, is an innovative gum product that is scientifically proven to reduce stress in everyday basis. Revive uses all natural vitamins and ingredients that are proven to enhance memory, diminish stress, and enable the person to a chieve unbelievable focus. Revive uses key vitals ingredients such as B12, B-6, L-Arginine that energizes the nervous system. Revive also uses all natural ingredients such as Fluoride and Calcium to whiten teeth. Revive is the only product in the market possesses all these features. One of the major problems identified in today’s society is the fact that people are engaged in activities that produce stress. Our study proved that around 70% of the population was heavily involved in stress-related activities. Clearly, a solution was needed to resolve that particular problem. Furthermore, research showed that people admitted that they are a better person as far as coping with stress is concerned. In addition, 60% of the people approved that dealing with stress in a natural way gives them a positive direction in life. Most people also reported feeling weak and lethargic when faced with stress. Clearly, people wanted to feel better and live better, which became a critical componen t in developing our product. Hence, as smart marketers, we decided it was a smart idea to create a product that not only whitens teeth but also acts as a stress reliever.

A Data Flow Diagram Information Technology Essay

A Data Flow Diagram Information Technology Essay Other than data flow, system requirement specification also need to be focuses. A requirements specification is a document which is used as a communication medium between the customers and the supplier. When the software requirement specification is completed and is accepted by all parties, the end of the requirements engineering phase has been reached. In the end of the assignment, we will learn about the flow of system shown uses Data Flow Diagram and how Requirement Specification work. 2.0 Data Flow Diagram Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical uses to represent the flow of data in a system. It shows the flow of data as they moving between input and output. The purpose of using Data Flow Diagram as a representative of a system is to provide a simple method of describing how the system work without needed to focus on the detail of the computer systems. Symbol of Data Flow Diagram A Data Flow Diagram uses 4 basic symbols as representative of process, data stores, data flow and entities. There are few different versions of DFD uses but still it is also serving as the same purpose. Description Symbol Entities It uses can represent a human, subsystem or system. This where certain data comes from / goes to. People often draw external entities on the edge of a diagram. Process A process is a function or activity where the manipulation and change of data takes place. A process can be decomposed to better level of details purpose of representing how data is being processed within the process. Data Store A data store represents the storage of data required and which it produced by the process. Examples of data stores: database, membership forms, and more. Data Flow A data flow represents the flow of the system, whereby its direction represented by an arrow head that shows at the end of flow. 2.1 Level of Data Flow Diagram A Data Flow Diagram is hierarchical, divide into 3 types: Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 2.1.1 Level 0 DFD In level 0 DFD, it only focuses on the context view of the flow in 1 process which is the most simplify version of DFD. 2.1.2 Level 1 DFD In level 1 DFD, it goes deeper then level 0, which it expand the graphical model into more complex that represent the flow of data. 2.1.3 Level 2 DFD In level 2 DFD, it focuses more closely in one particular process in level 1. 2.2 Rules of Data Flow Diagram There are few rules that must be follow when creating a Data Flow Diagram (DFD): Data flow that connects YES NO A process to another process Check mark symbol A process to an external entity Check mark symbol A process to a data store Check mark symbol An external entity to another external entity Check mark symbol An external entity to a data store Check mark symbol A data store to another data store Check mark symbol 2.3 Student Registration System Below is an example of 3 different types of Data Flow Diagram uses in a simple student registration system for a college: 2.3.1 Level 0: Registration Form Student registration system Student Confirmation Letter 2.3.2 Level 1: 1.0 Verify Availability Open course D1 Accept / Reject result Registration form Course Course info Course enrollment 2.0 Enroll Student Student Student info Registration Confirmation letter D2 3.0 Confirm Registration Student Update info 2.3.3 Level 2: Course Open course D1 1.0 Verify Availability Advisor Registration form Student Course info Reject 1.1 Permission Course enrollment Accept Confirmation Letter 2.0 Enroll student Student Registration Student info D2 Update info Payment Registration fee 2.1 Account D3 2.2 Course payment method Receipt issued 2.2.2 2.2.1 Installment Financial aid Update info 3.0 Requirement Specification In a large project the analyst could also have a number of people work under them. Theses extra staff would carry out the questionnaires, observations and interviews, required to develop the overall specification. When developing a project, an agreement between the client and project team are formed. Document of requirement specification gave the information to client or customer regarding the project. 3.1 Layout of Requirement Specification The requirement specification is carefully listed and highlighted according the following: Scope of the system Objectives Timing Constraints Inputs Outputs Processing requirement Contract 3.1.1 Scope of the system This offers a context for the system within the organization. For instance, the scope will regularly define what it will not do and general explanation of what it will do. 3.1.2 Objective It laid out point by point so it is clear define that what the system needs to do. Table or bullet points could be used in this process. 3.1.3 Timing In this section, it provides a timeline of how the project will proceed and the time require for it to be done. 3.1.4 Constraints It is referring to the budget and manpower that which is available for the project. 3.1.5 Inputs In this section, it defines what inputs are needed by the system. It will provide outline details of the input screens, data capture forms, automated system feeds and more. It doesnt try to be very technical at this point instant it just an overall idea of what will be accepted into the system and how this is to be achieved. 3.1.6 Outputs A system has to produce an output in one form or another. In this section, it will describe the expected form of outputs. For example, output viewing screen, printed reports and graphs, files created and stored, and any output data feed to other system and so on. 3.1.7 Processing requirement Between the process of Input and Output, processing in the middle is required. This part of Requirement Specification defines the processing to be carried out. Processing details are include: Procedures Validation details Acceptable limits of processing times 3.1.8 Contract The requirements specification is in result of a contract between the end user and the people that responsible for delivering the project. 3.2 Important of Requirement Specification Its important to note that a requirement specification contains functional and  non-functional requirements only; it does not offer design  suggestions, possible solutions to technology or business  issues, or any other information other than what the  development team understands the customers system requirements  to be. A well-managed requirement specification could accomplish four major  goals: It provides feedback to the customer A requirement specification is the  customers assurance that the development organization  understands the problem and issue to be solved and the  software behavior necessary to locate those problems.  Therefore, it should be written in standard language, in an explicit manner that may also include  charts, data flow diagrams, table, decision tables, and so  on. It decomposes the problem into component parts The  simple act of writing down software requirements in a  well-designed format organizes information, places borders  around the problem, solidifies ideas, and helps break down  the problem into its component parts in an orderly  fashion. It serves as a input to the design specification As  mentioned previously, the requirement specification serves as the parent document  to subsequent documents, such as the software design  specification and statement of work. Therefore, the SRS  must contain enough detail in the well-designed system  requirements so that a design solution can be planned. It serves as the parent document For testing and validation  strategies that will be applied to the requirements for  verification. 4.0 Conclusion In system analysis and design, it focuses on the improvement of creating a good system of information data. By learning the proper way of analyzing and designing / developing a system, it could lead us into deeper understanding about the system. In the above assignment we have learn the usage of Data Flow Diagram which serve as a guide for developer and analyst to check the flow of the system, and we also have learn that when creating a system software, a documentation regarding the software project are also an important step to do.

raising a child with a disability Essay -- essays research papers

Raising a Child with a Disability: Journal Entry #2: Summary:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article mainly examines ways in which parents can deal properly with the news of being told that their child has a disability. There are a few stories in the article which emphasize the way the parents felt when they found out about their child’s disability. In most cases, the parents felt shattered, overwhelmed and completely shocked. The article explained that parents have an expectation of having that â€Å"perfect† child and when one is told that the child is not so perfect, their dreams and their lives become devastating. The reading examines ways in which to build a support system as well as ways in which to keep a balance in your life. The author indicates the importance of keeping a positive attitude when in this situation. Main Points:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was very interesting and there are a few key points that stand out. The author explained that it is important to be an advocate for your child by learning as much as you can about the disability that they have. Also, she mentioned that if a parent keeps on living in denial about the illness or disability, that this will never help the child or the parent. I also found it interesting when she spoke about support within the family as well as outside the family. Lastly, I thought it was important for her to mention the strain that a family with a disabled child will incur. Reflection:   Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Leadership – Charismatic Individuals or Contingent Characteristics

Leadership – Charismatic Individuals or Contingent Characteristics? A brief analysis of charismatic and situational leaders, leadership and styles. Linesh Palayadan, Cass Business School, City university London, UK. â€Å"Men make history and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skilful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better† – Harry S. Truman It goes without saying that human beings couldn’t have achieved what they have achieved if they had not worked in groups.Teamwork is probably one of the most important â€Å"inventions† of mankind which does not get explicitly mentioned when one refers about the tools and evolution of human beings from the pre-historic times. None of the magnificent creations of human beings we see today could have been possibly achieved without humans coming in teams and working for a common goal. Teams by themselves ca nnot be successful if they do not have a clear direction or vision. The team is bound to fail in achieving the results if there is no coordination, synchronisation and communication between team members.The concept of team itself comes into existence only because of the arising of a necessity or a goal that would benefit the society, and the means to achieve it cannot be implemented by an individual, however able and skilful he or she may be. Members of the team can be of extremely different personalities, skills and characteristics and every member has his/her own ideas on how to achieve the common goal. It is precisely at this point that the need for a leader arises.What is required is a leader who can channel the necessary skills from the team members towards the common goal and maintain the harmony and coordination between them at the same time. Numerous theories have been postulated on how a leader should be and what the characteristics of the leader should be. Some theories hy pothesised that leaders cannot be made but are born and those personalities or so called â€Å"traits† cannot be cultivated in a person who is not already a born leader while others strongly suggested that given the right circumstances, leaders emerge based on situations and contingencies.Organisations put forward certain requirements for interviewing candidates for its key posts. We all have come across requirements in Job advertisements like good communications, effectiveness in groups, taking initiative, firm under pressure etc. (S Fineman, Y Gabriel, D Sims, 2011). Are these the only qualities of leaders? Can a person with those qualities be successful as a leader? Do these qualities exist as inborn traits in a person? Or can these qualities be inculcated in a person through training and development? What are the different kinds of leaders?What makes a leader outstanding from others? These are some of the questions that we will try to analyse with the help of some specifi c theories which have been proposed before. Two main theories that propose the idea that the qualities required for leadership are inborn in the person or are â€Å"traits† of an individual are the â€Å"Trait theory† and â€Å"Charismatic leadership theory†. While the Trait theory has its origins in the early twentieth century, charismatic leadership theory is more recent and is more or less a return to trait theory.The Trait leadership concept was proposed in Thomas Carlyle’s â€Å"great man† theory where he proposed that â€Å"The history of the world is but the biography of great men†(Carlyle, 1907). He believed that leaders have certain immutable traits which cannot be developed in others. Remarkable developments in behavioural sciences since have led to the decline in favour for the great man theory (David L Cawthon, 1996). The charismatic leadership theory states that the leaders have an innate set of abilities or charisma which canno t be explained (Conger & Kanungo, 1988).These leaders first try to understand the opportunities, possibilities and constrains as well as the preferences and needs of the team members. They then set a vision for a path which accommodates opportunities as well as the preferences and needs of the team members. The final stage is the actual implementation of the vision, motivating the followers in the process. At this stage they also stage demonstrations which projects their image, courage, dedication to the cause, sacrifice etc. (C Jacobsen, R J. House 2001).Charismatic leaders are often value driven, visionaries and have a trail of success stories which motivates the followers. The primary risk of this style of leadership is that it may not be effective in all the contexts and such leaders can fade into oblivion as soon as the context changes. Perhaps the most striking example of Charismatic leadership is that of Sir Winston Churchill who proved to be a very effective war time leader and prime minister but was voted out when elections were held after Page 1 he war because people did not consider him as somebody who could effectively handle post-war reforms (Roy Jenkins, 2003). One of the strongly criticized and censured leaders of all times is Adolf Hitler who because of his war crimes and atrocities, went down in history as a bad leader. How did he rise from his humble beginnings to the all-powerful leader of a country which had the potential to be the most powerful country in the world if had won in the Second World War? The art of leadership†¦ onsists of consolidating the attention of the people against a single adversary and taking care that nothing will split up that attention. – Adolf Hitler Hitler took advantage of the fact that people in Germany were disillusioned with the leadership at that time and they were looking for a leader who would turn their insult and injury into victory and fame. (Gardner, 1995, p. 334)He was a wonderful orator wh o could mesmerise his audience with his speech through which he was successful in convincing the people of Germany that he was their only hope and only he could catapult Germany to the realms of success and prosperity.His charisma in motivating the masses(John Dreijmanis, 2005) through speeches, vision and aggressive nationalism led to mass hysteria, hope and a sense of pride and nationalism in the people, which in turn catapulted him to the highest realms of power. His leadership notwithstanding the ultimate failures he had was instrumental in uniting German people and hence can be classed under strong Charismatic leadership.One of the most recent, remarkable and widely reported event in India was the movement against corruption by a common man named Mr Anna Hazare (NY times, Oct 2011). Until recently little was known about the man nationwide and in a span of about 6 months almost every household in India knew about him because of his protest against corruption and his demands to b ring a corruption prevention watchdog with unprecedented sweeping powers which had the potential to put many corrupt politicians and officials behind bars (Reuters Aug 2011).A social worker and an ardent follower of Mahatma Gandhi(N Y times August 18, 2011), Mr Hazare is a 74 year old man, who is not a mesmerising orator, but still managed to mobilise hundreds of millions of Indians throughout India and abroad to pressurise the Indian government to constitute such a watch dog. He later went on to sit for an indefinite hunger strike until his demands were met. The use of technology for the movement was unprecedented. Indians all over the world used online media web-sites like twitter and Facebook to move mass opinion in his favour and to hold protest rallies in major capitals of the world.Such was the scale of support for him that Indian government finally relented to agree to his demands (Times of India, Sep 2011). In the Indian capital of New-Delhi, hundreds of thousands of people from different parts of India descended on to the venue of the peaceful protest, provoking government fears for law and order problems. Different Business schools in India conducted studies as to how this frail old man was able to mobilise masses in such huge numbers and provide leadership to them in what is described as one of largest protest movements in post-independence India (Businesstoday, Aug 2011).They wanted to know how his leadership example could be useful for the future business leaders. Under his leadership many volunteers and charitable organisations came together under one umbrella for organising and maintaining the venue and order, organising and coordinating media related activities, publicity, logistics etc. His leadership style is more of a democratic form of leadership although there is a major element of charisma attached. Weber, 1968 has pointed out that a charismatic leader is likely to appear when social situation makes people feel distress (RJ House, 2001).I n this case the people of India have been so much frustrated with corruption that right environment was created for the emergence of such a leader. Shamir, House and Arthur (1993) have described in a bit more detail as to what those conducive conditions could be. They have listed four situations that can catalyse the emergence of Charismatic leaders. First, the situation is perceived as a threat to important values. Second, relationship between goal accomplishment and performance is unclear. Third, the situation is unstable and fourth it requires exceptional effort.These situations give rise to a weak psychological situation in which a charismatic leader can easily emerge and influence the followers provided he is able to offer hope and solution to the people. In the above example and also in case of post-world war I Germany, situations were quite favourable for the emergence of a charismatic leader. Bendix (1985) states that in such situations it is not certain that a charismatic l eader will evolve in spite of the prevailing conducive conditions and utter necessity for such a leader(C Jacobsen, R J. House, p77, 2001). He also says that it is entirely possible that a charismatic who ossesses none of the above said characteristics may emerge a leader by articulating ideological, moral or other values relevant to the prevailing conditions. Another theory of leadership called behavioural model (Blake & Mouton, 1964) states that all leaders can be placed on a grid which evaluates them based on their people concern and task completion concern. According to Page 2 behavioural model, different kinds of leaderships may be prevalent in different organisations which may go from one extreme to another in terms of concern for people and concern for task.A firm in which managers exhibit so called â€Å"impoverished or indifferent† style leadership, where managers have little concern for job completion or people, is rich in disorganisation, dissatisfaction and dishar mony. The other extreme end of this style is â€Å"Sound style† where there is high concern for people and productivity. Such organisations are bound to succeed as they have high productivity and motivation and belongingness among employees is also very high.Some organisations exhibit â€Å"country club style† leadership where concern for people is very high but not for productivity. The leaders do not want people to be unhappy and such organisations are not very successful. Another extreme is the â€Å"Dictatorial style† where there is no concern for people but very high concern for productivity. Productivity in such organisations may be very high in the shorter term but these organisations suffer from high employee turnover due to enforcement of strict rules, regulations and punishments.Most of the organisations follow what is called the â€Å"middle-of-the-road style† where leaders show some concern for both people and productivity hoping to achieve ac ceptable results. One of the most prominent schools of thought in leadership theories is â€Å"Situational or Contingency theory†. Proposed originally by Hersey & Blanchard, 1982, it states that leaders must vary their leadership style based on subordinate’s competency and commitment. A leader’s style should be â€Å"Delegation† if the team members are competent and committed, â€Å"Telling† or directive if they are neither competent nor committed.In case where the team members are competent but not committed the style should be â€Å"Participating† and the final case in which the team members are committed but not competent, the style should be â€Å"selling†. Fred Fiedler’s contingency model states the relationship between leadership style and favourableness of the situation (Fred Luthans, 1992). His studies suggest that situations are favourable for the leader if the three dimensions are high, the dimensions being 1. Leader- member relationship 2.Degree of task structure 3. Leader’s position power through formal authority. He also found that if the above dimensions are very favourable or very unfavourable, directive or â€Å"hard-nosed leaders† are more effective whereas lenient leaders are more effective in situations where the dimensions are moderately favourable. My extensive experience in various successful IT and engineering companies, compel me to come to the conclusion that these companies have adopted situational leadership as their main strategy.The reason for this may be that such companies require their engineers to be productive from day one and as they become more experienced, they are expected to assume the ownership of the modules they work on and become the point of contact for all issues on the module. The leaders in such cases assume different forms of situational leadership to deal with different team members depending on their willingness and ability. Once the leader is convinced of the team member’s competence and commitment, delegation is the form of leadership he or she chooses for that team member.Since performance in terms of the quality of work done and sticking to schedule is the main criteria in assessing the performance in such companies, telling style of leadership is also very common and results in redundancies many times when the team members are unwilling and unable. In larger companies, Transformational form of leadership (Bernard M. Bass, 1985) is also not very uncommon nowadays in which the leader takes care to develop and transform his or her followers through, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation, idealised influence and most importantly individualized consideration.Leadership whatever form it may assume is an essential skill without which the society will have little progress. Leaders need courage, vision and determination to change things for better. The need for better leaders will never cease to exist and right people with right skills will always seize the opportunity to lead the world for a better tomorrow. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ann Florini. The Right to Know: Transparency for an Open World. New York, 23: Columbia University Press. Bass, B. M. 1998. Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Bendix, R. 1985. Reflections on Charismatic leadership. Blake, R. , Mouton, J. 1964. The Managerial Grid: The Key to Leadership Excellence. C Jacobsen, R J. House 2001 Dynamics of charismatic leadership A process theory, simulation, and tests 75-112 The leadership quarterly 12 David L. Cawthon, 1996. The Great Man Theory Revisited, Business Horizons. Fred Luthans, 1992. Organisational behaviour 276,277 Hersey, P. , & Blanchard, K. , 1982. Management of organizational behaviour, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.John Dreijmanis, 2005 A portrait of the artist as a politician: the case of Adolf Hitler, 3, Science Dire ct. S J. Zaccaro, Zachary N. J. , 2003. Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis, Science direct. Page 3 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. S Fineman, Y Gabriel, D Sims, 2011. Organising and Organisations. Roy Jenkins, 2003. Churchill: A Biography, Victory in Europe and Defeat in Britain, PP789-819 (Paperback) http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/21/world/asia/21india. html? _r=1 http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/22/world/asia/22india. html http://in. reuters. om/article/2011/08/24/idINIndia-58938520110824 http://www. washingtonpost. com/world/india_agrees_to_protesters_demand_on_graft_panel/2011/04/09/AFFyy05C_story. html? wprss=rss_homepa ge http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/19/world/asia/19hazare. html http://businesstoday. intoday. in/story/fms-students-study-annas-stir-against-corruption/1/18220. html http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2011-09-02/ranchi/30105617_1_munish-thakur-case-study-lokpal-movement Special thanks to Prof Cliff Oswick, Ca ss Business School, for Guidance and permission to use his lecture materials and contents. Page 4